Prevention and Control of Common Conifer Tree Diseases

Prevention and Control of Common Conifer Tree Diseases Like any kind of tree, the conifer is susceptible to a number of diseases that can damage or destroy it. Sometimes, these diseases strike trees in the forest; other times, only urban or suburban trees are stricken. Dead and dying trees are unsightly but theyre also a potential safety hazard. In populated areas, rot can cause limbs to drop or entire trees to collapse, especially during storms. In forested areas, dead trees can dry out, creating fuel for potential forest fires.  By learning how to recognize different conifer diseases, you can improve the health of trees on your property and preserve the integrity of the local ecosystem. Types of Conifer Disease Softwood or coniferous trees can be harmed or killed by disease-causing organisms called pathogens. The most common tree diseases are caused by fungi, though some diseases are caused by bacteria or viruses. Fungi lack chlorophyll and derive nourishment by feeding on (parasitizing) trees. Many fungi are microscopic but some are visible in the form of mushrooms or conks. Other factors affecting tree disease include climate and where the tree or trees are planted. Not all parts of a tree may be affected or exhibit symptoms. Disease may strike the needles, stem, trunk, roots, or some combination thereof. In some instances, trees can be saved by applying pesticides, trimming the diseased portions, or removing neighboring trees to provide more room. In other cases, the only solution is to remove the tree entirely. Needle Cast Needle cast is a group of tree diseases that cause conifers to shed needles. The symptoms of needle cast tree disease first appear on needles as light green to yellow spots, which eventually turn red or brown. Tiny black fruiting bodies form on the surface of the needles before or after the infected needles are shed. If left untreated, fungal growth can kill the entire needle. Treatment options include applying fungicides, removing diseased needles at first sign of infection, and trimming neighboring greenery to prevent overcrowding. Needle Blight This group of needle blight tree diseases, including Diplodia, Dothistroma and brown spot, attack conifers at the needles and on twig tips. Infected needles often fall from the tree, creating a denuded look. Blight can result in dramatic browning of the foliage, beginning on the lower branches. Repeated annual cycles of infection can result in dead limbs and eventual loss of any meaningful ornamental value. The most effective treatment option is  copper fungicide spray, but you may have to spray repeatedly in order to break the life cycle of the fungi that causes blight. Canker, Rust, and Blister The term canker is used to describe a dead or blistered area in the bark, branch, trunk of an infected tree. Dozens of species of fungi cause canker diseases.   Cankers often appear as waxy discharge on the bark. Blisters or galls appear on branches and look like cysts or tumors on the surface of the bark and may also occasionally produce a waxy or yellowish discharge. Often, lower branches will be the first to show symptoms. Treatment options include pruning affected areas and applying a fungicide. Wilts and Root Diseases These are wood-decay diseases. They may get in through wounds in the lower part of the tree or penetrate roots directly. They involve the roots and in some cases the butt also. These fungi travel from tree to tree either through the air or soil.   Symptoms include die-off of needles on entire branches or limbs, peeling bark, and dropped branches. As rot progresses, the underlying root structure decays, making the tree unstable.  Treatment options are few; in many cases, the entire tree must be removed. If you plan to treat a diseased tree yourself, remember to follow all product directions if using fungicide. Make sure you are properly equipped and wearing goggles, gloves, and other safety gear if you plan to remove part or all of a tree. When in doubt, call a professional tree service. Sources Murray, Madeline. Diseases of Conifers. Utah State University Extension. 3 February 2009.Pataky, Nancy. Common Conifer Diseases of Forests. The University of Illinois Extension. 2009.Wollaeger, Heidi. Preventing, Diagnosing, and Managing Diseases in Conifers. Michigan State University Extension. 5 December 2013.

Management accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management accounting - Assignment Example The following discussion shows how the Management Accounting information assists the management of a company. Planning This involves looking ahead and preparing future courses of action that need to be followed. Managers devise a systematic programme regarding future courses of action. Planning is selection of the best way or alternative of performing various managerial functions in an organization. Management accounting information is very vital in planning management function (Demski 2008). The basic objective of a company is to ensure that the company is profitable by creating competitive advantage in regard to prices as well as market expansion. In choosing any alternative the company management must consider its potential benefits and its underlying costs against the company resources. Management accounting information is important in projecting profits in new established markets. The required information includes profit margins, sales volumes and costs in firms operating in sim ilar markets. This information is combined with projected sales. Most companies express their management plans based on the management accounting information formally in budgets. Budgeting is considered a core part of the planning process. Controlling Controlling management function in a company ensures that the planned alternative is being followed. It is important to note that feedback plays an important role indicating the effectiveness of control in a company. Management accounting information is used when comparing the budgeted results and its actual results mainly referred to as performance report. This report shows whether the company is operating as planned as well as pointing out areas that need some attention. The management accounting information used for comparison includes sales profits, sales volume and the expenses. In cases where the targets are not met then the company management establish the next relevant course of action strategy hence the need for a revised plan by the top management. According to Hermanson (2010) the management accounting information plays a significant role in providing the relevant feedback in regard to company progression and performance (Hermanson 2010). The feedback is mainly used as a control tool in regard to the company operations through the comparison of the actual and the budgeted results. Decision making Decision making is one of the core functions of management which is a continuous process. Company management obtains the relevant management information and various costs calculation (Demski 2008). The obtained management accounting information is used in establishing and developing the best decisions at all the levels of the organization. The information that is used mainly indicates how a company is effectively conducts its operations. The management makes use and exploits the information in the management and its underlying leadership skills in its underlying decision making processes. The management accoun ting information is essential in a company making key decisions in the operational and the production processes. The role of management accounting is to provide key relevant information which is used in making decision within a company. Communicating In addition to the above management functions, company management oversees the company operations on daily and long-term basis thus ensuring that the company is op

Hiphop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hiphop - Essay Example It discusses the impact of Hip-hop across the globe and its commercialization. (Kun, 581), as outlined by Flores (1), besides hip-hop being successful in the United States; it is used all over the world. It is becoming a creative and positive economic impact across the globe. Since the time in memorial, Hip-hop has always been seen as a voice of the blacks. Nevertheless, this phrase has earned criticisms based on the fact of its commercialization and globalization. Hip-hop is, therefore, not the voice of just the blacks, but for every person across the planet. The users and those that produce hip-hop music have grown beyond the black community. According to Flores (1), (Mos def, 1999) noticed the growth of hip-hop and invented a phrase that stated, hip-hop is everybody. This was used to mean that hip-hop music is for everybody who takes part in it or in developing its culture, regardless of their status, origin and race. In the present day commercials, hip-hop represents various organizations and products. Upon intensive analysis of the origin of hip-hop and its growth in both commercials and globally, it is proven that Mos Def was right in his album, â€Å"Fear Not.†In the album, he indicated that the hip-hop reached beyond the black community. The origin of hip-hop can be traced back to the 1970’s in South Bronx. This is during the time when the Cross-Bronx expressway took the place of several families belonging to the blacks and the Hispanic families. During this time, many whites ran away from the site. Other projects also made the marginalized people relocate to South Bronx. The youth of the families that relocated began looking of ways of putting their creative and aggressive features into practice. That is how hip-hop came to be, giving the marginalized youngsters a belonging and support. They began deejaying; rapping, break dancing, and graffiti producing. Hip-hop uses the mentorship of other

Twisted :: essays research papers

Twisted Audience: General Audience / Instructor Purpose: Literary work To explain how a tornado can affect a family. Thesis Sentence: Although an event may be traumatic it is not necessarily life changing. Outline: I. Describe the setting A. Where / When B. What was heard 1. What did the tornado sound like 2. How did parents direct us C. What was seen 1. How did the storm look 2. What did the tornado look like II. What was on the farm A. House B. Storm Cellar C. Animals D. Trees E. Newly plowed and planted fields III. Where did we go A. Root cellar B. Neighbor III. What did the tornado do A. To the farm B. To the family I guess everyone experiences at least one terrifying event in his or her lifetime. How we assimilate the event shapes our attitudes, or maybe vice-versa. It can become the catalyst that lead, to phobias; sometimes it even earns itself a fancy title with â€Å"syndrome† attached to the end of it. I just call it a memory, but one I shared with eight other people. In a north central Indiana cornfield, not far from Indianapolis, my father returned to his chores in the field after a brief rain shower had passed. The edge of an enormous thunderstorm, laced with brilliant lightning, had passed overhead and it seemed as if the worst of the storm was over. Life was not easy on the fertile soil of Wabash County, Indiana, on May 25, 1966. For my family, life was about to become even harder. A muffled roar in the distance grew louder and sharper. As dad began to move toward the house, he realized that the low, indistinct form in the distance was not rain or a patch of fog. It was a rotating transparent funnel, beneath a dark mass of cloud. It extended from under the southwest corner of the thunderstorm. An occasional snake-like form would briefly appear within the cloud, and then suddenly vanish. It was coming directly toward our farm. The next time he looked, three or four contorted and transparent columns would briefly circle the center of what looked like a patch of swirling mist. The cloud looked nothing like the thin funnels and ropes that we had seen in the distance every few years. Dad now ran at full speed for the house, trying with each breath to shout "Twister!" Within the next few seconds, nine people would make life or death decisions about self-preservation, about prized possessions, and about family members. The rotating cloud had changed from transparent mist to a solid brown mass, at the edge of the newly

Random and Nonrandom Samples

Depending on how a sample is drawn, it may be a random sample or a nonrandom sample. A random sample is a sample drawn in such a way that each member of the population has some chance of being selected in the sample. In a nonrandom sample, some members of the population may not have any chance of being selected in the sample. Suppose we have a list of 100 students and we want to select 10 of them. If we write the names of all 100 students on pieces of paper, put them in a hat, mix them, and then draw 10 names, the result will be a random sample of 10 students.However, if we arrange the names of these 100 students alphabetically and pick the first 10 names, it will be a nonrandom sample because the students who are not among the first 10 have no chance of being selected in the sample. A random sample is usually a representative sample. Note that for a random sample, each member of the population may or may not have the same chance of being included in the sample. Two types of nonrando m samples are a convenience sample and a judgment sample. In a convenience sample, the most accessible members of the population are selected to obtain the results quickly.For example, an opinion poll may be conducted in a few hours by collecting information from certain shoppers at a single shopping mall. In a judgment sample, the members are selected from the population based on the judgment and prior knowledge of an expert. Although such a sample may happen to be a representative sample, the chances of it being so are small. If the population is large, it is not an easy task to select a representative sample based on judgment. The so-called pseudo polls are examples of nonrepresentative samples.For instance, a survey conducted by a magazine that includes only its own readers does not usually involve a representative sample. Similarly, a poll conducted by a television station giving two separate telephone numbers for yes and no votes is not based on a representative sample. In the se two examples, respondents will be only those people who read that magazine or watch that television station, who do not mind paying the postage or telephone charges, or who feel compelled to respond. Another kind of sample is the quota sample.To draw such a sample, we divide the target population into different subpopulations based on certain characteristics. Then we select a subsample from each subpopulation in such a way that each subpopulation is represented in the sample in exactly the same proportion as in the target population. A quota sample based on a few factors will skew the results. A random sample (one that is not based on quotas) has a much better chance of being representative of the population of all voters than a quota sample based on a few factors. Random and Nonrandom Samples Depending on how a sample is drawn, it may be a random sample or a nonrandom sample. A random sample is a sample drawn in such a way that each member of the population has some chance of being selected in the sample. In a nonrandom sample, some members of the population may not have any chance of being selected in the sample. Suppose we have a list of 100 students and we want to select 10 of them. If we write the names of all 100 students on pieces of paper, put them in a hat, mix them, and then draw 10 names, the result will be a random sample of 10 students.However, if we arrange the names of these 100 students alphabetically and pick the first 10 names, it will be a nonrandom sample because the students who are not among the first 10 have no chance of being selected in the sample. A random sample is usually a representative sample. Note that for a random sample, each member of the population may or may not have the same chance of being included in the sample. Two types of nonrando m samples are a convenience sample and a judgment sample. In a convenience sample, the most accessible members of the population are selected to obtain the results quickly.For example, an opinion poll may be conducted in a few hours by collecting information from certain shoppers at a single shopping mall. In a judgment sample, the members are selected from the population based on the judgment and prior knowledge of an expert. Although such a sample may happen to be a representative sample, the chances of it being so are small. If the population is large, it is not an easy task to select a representative sample based on judgment. The so-called pseudo polls are examples of nonrepresentative samples.For instance, a survey conducted by a magazine that includes only its own readers does not usually involve a representative sample. Similarly, a poll conducted by a television station giving two separate telephone numbers for yes and no votes is not based on a representative sample. In the se two examples, respondents will be only those people who read that magazine or watch that television station, who do not mind paying the postage or telephone charges, or who feel compelled to respond. Another kind of sample is the quota sample.To draw such a sample, we divide the target population into different subpopulations based on certain characteristics. Then we select a subsample from each subpopulation in such a way that each subpopulation is represented in the sample in exactly the same proportion as in the target population. A quota sample based on a few factors will skew the results. A random sample (one that is not based on quotas) has a much better chance of being representative of the population of all voters than a quota sample based on a few factors.

Romeo and Juliet Romeo vs Count Paris Essay - 818 Words

----------------- Mrs. Phillips English 9(H) 29 April 2013 The Lover of Verona versus The Ideal Husband Romeo, the lover of Verona, and Count Paris, the ideal partner in marriage, are intertwined in fate and are seemingly made opponents of love in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Romeo, son of Lord and Lady Montague, falls in love with Juliet, daughter of Lord and Lady Capulet. Due to the fact that the Montagues and Capulets still sustain an ancient feud between their households, Romeo and Juliet keep their love a secret. Unaware of their daughter’s love to Romeo, Lord and Lady Capulet make plans to wed Juliet to Count†¦show more content†¦When Friar Laurence asks if Romeo was with Rosaline, Romeo responds, â€Å"With Rosaline, my ghostly Father? No. / I have forgot that name and that name’s woe.†(2.3.48-49) He later says: Then plainly know my heart’s dear love is set On the fair daughter of rich Capulet. As mine on hers, so hers is set on mine, And all combined, save what thou must combine By holy marriage. When and where and how We met, we w ooed, and made exchange of vow I’ll tell thee as we pass, but this I pray, That thou consent to marry us today. (2.3.61-68) Romeo has completely forgotten Rosaline, a character Romeo cried and was depressed about. He instead pleads with the Friar to marry him to his newfound love, Juliet. Count Paris is also self-centered. This is shown when he talks to Lord Capulet about the wedding. Capulet says: But saying o’er what I have said before. My child is yet a stranger in the world. She hath not seen the change of fourteen years. Let two more summers wither in their pride Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. (1.2.7-11) To this Paris responds, â€Å"Younger than she are happy mothers made†(1.2.12). This shows that he is impatient about the wedding. Even though Lord Capulet wants to wait two years, Paris tries to move the wedding day sooner, showing that he cares only about himself and not of the needs and preferences of other characters. Despite being self- centered and loving Juliet, Count Paris and Romeo have a major difference. WhenShow MoreRelatedVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 PagesThey decide to take each pair of alternatives and let a majority vote determine the family rankings. (a) Papa suggests that they ï ¬ rst consider honey vs. grubs, and then the winner of that contest vs. Goldilocks. Which alternative will be chosen? Goldilocks. (b) Mama suggests instead that they consider honey vs. Goldilocks and then the winner vs. grubs. Which gets chosen? Grubs. (c) What order should Baby Bear suggest if he wants to get his favorite food for dinner? Grubs versus Goldilocks

A Report On Tick Tock - 1177 Words

Tick-Tock 1 Every day brings a new surprise and this day sure brought a good one. The thing that I dealt 1with that day was something I never would imagine happening to me or anyone in a million years. I 2 was home with just my two brothers. It was an ordinary summer afternoon. The wind blowing, the 3birds tweeting. Not a problem in sight. Until I took a short nap and rose a few hours later. My eyes 4quickly opened to a vexatious sound. A continues ticking which messed with my head. Tick-tock 5tick-tock over and over again. I took a deep breath and calmed down for a second. Then, the 6monstrous noise hit me again. I couldn’t take it anymore. I got up off of the bed and intensely ran into 7my brother s room. 8 â€Å" Wade, Wade do you hear†¦show more content†¦29â€Å" KATIE!!!† Wade screeched. 30Ignoring Wade once again, I hustled down the stairs. I expeditiously left my house, slamming 31the door behind me. Out in my dad’s garage, I grabbed a hammer and then dumped the bag of 32watches out on the floor. I deathly gripped the hammer and smashed each watch one by one. After I 33had finished, I piled the watch scraps back in the bag and grabbed a shovel. I ran to the side of the 34house and dug a small hole where I buried each and every watch. After I was done, I returned my 35items and went back inside and I swear that the ticking went away for a few minutes, but the 36moments of glory didn’t last long. Suddenly, the deplorable sound started again. I cringed. I took a 37deep breath and thought for a second. Then, something in my kitchen caught my eye. A clock. 38How could I not know that a clock in the house was making the noise! Relief struck me like 39lightning, powerfully and quickly. I skedaddled and grabbed the clock I had originally spotted. After, 40I collected the few other clocks that hung in my house. Once more, I flew out the door to get the 41hammer. Just like before, I smashed each clock to its death. Just like you do to people, I buried the 42clocks right by the watches I earlier put in the ground. When I walked back, I had high- hopes that 43the ticking would be gone, but this time it didn’t even go away for a second! Right when I walked in 44the door tick-tock flew into myShow MoreRelatedAdvanced Micro Devices Inc: Business Analysis and Recommendations1741 Words   |  7 Pageshave taken place since the revenue dropped. Advanced Micro Devices Inc announced that for fourth quarter of 2012, it expects revenue to decrease 9%, plus or minus 4%, sequentially. According to I/B/E/S Estimates, analysts are expecting the Company to report revenue of $2.4 billion for fourth quarter of 2012 (Advanced Micro Devices Inc Comments On Q4 2012 Revenue Guidance, 2012). Furthermore, there has been two rounds of lay offs this year t o cut down on operating expenses. This second round of lays offRead MoreTorture: Why It Should Stop800 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation, enemy resistance and utter uselessness. Tortured prisoners give false information. One writer writes â€Å"Many survivors of torture report that they would have said anything to make the torture stop.† (Mayer, 2005; McCoy, 2006) Another says that â€Å"We had people who were willing to confess to anything if we would just stop† (Andersen). The NY times reports that in 2002, A Syrian born Canadian named Maher Arar was stopped in an airport and was interrogated. He was later sent to a prison whereRead MoreCitizen 2000: Helping Out the Community952 Words   |  4 Pagesinsight into the world on modern day policing. He knew that some of the rules were meant to be bent or even broken for the sake of getting his job done properly. Never the less, his gut feeling told him it wouldn’t help him at the annual review. â€Å"Tick-tock, buddy,† said Micky. â€Å"Fine let’s just go. But if we end up on suspension for this I’ll never talk to you again.† â€Å"Ha-ha, you got it, man.† The car sped out of the car park and back through the small winding streets and finally out onto the carriagewayRead MorePersonal Narrative Reflection Paper1526 Words   |  7 Pageshere. My mother was in the courtroom along with my dad arguing: who deserved guardianship and how much child support should be paid.(Citations) I contorted myself in a chair and waited for what seemed like an eternity for the judge to summon me. â€Å"Tick Tock† overtook the room due to the clock. I did not realize how long I had been sitting there, and I was soon in the courtroom. I timidly entered into the wood-filled room, and I spotted my dad’s first cousin, Court Poore, and looked around for anotherRead MoreInfluential Factors of International Business and International Business Environment4145 Words   |  17 PagesConditions on Business Environment let us take the following example. The report in Business Population Monitor  from chartered accounting and business advisory firm PKF, in conjunction with Access Economics examines the impact of demographic changes on the Australian business landscape, detailing the anticipated winners and losers across industry types and geographical regions. The Beneficiaries of ‘Grey Gold’ The report highlights the prognosis that Australia’s working-age population is expectedRead MorePros And Cons And Pros1825 Words   |  8 Pagesis as small as a rice grain and may come in other forms such as, a ring or other type of jewelry if you do not want the chip to be implanted inside your body. (Maggie Astor, Microchip Implants for Employees? One Company Says Yes) †¢There are no reports of the chip causing harm in the human body, however, only the employees of the company have been chipped. (Maggie Astor, Microchip Implants for Employees? One Company Says Yes) †¢There is no need to carry around your credit card or other informationRead MoreLeadership Qualities Of The Great Leaders Of Our Time1833 Words   |  8 Pagesin the morning anxiously awaiting for the day to begin, along with the other 80 or so of us trying desperately to get some sleep before our first full day. The anticipation was as thick as a morning fog rolling in on the eastern seaboard. Every tick-tock of the wall mounted clock could be heard over the thunderous snoring from a dude at the other end of the compartment. I had no idea what to expect or what was expected of me over the next eight weeks. Somewhere in the middle of This was my choiceRead MoreCase Study2264 Words   |  10 Pagesexamined it closer. Yes, Sir. What does the first line say? Boffins hand shook as he held the paper. Ive read your last school report,’ said Doctor Pax, as he opened the folder on his desk. ‘Yet, I see you excelled in all subjects apart from one. Boffin gulped. Care to tell me which subject that was? Boffin bent forward to study the floor. Shall I read this report? You received top marks for maths, Gloriana, and all the sciences. Oh yes, here it is†¦foreign languages E. You failed. Despite excellentRead MoreGlobal Business Management: Current Trends and Practices5739 Words   |  23 Pagesproviding services in the anticipated operating environment. TRENDS IN CONTRACTUAL ISSUES Organizations are generally concerned with contractual issues such as scope of service, performance standards, security and confidentiality, controls/audits/reports, sub-contracting, dispute resolution, and indemnification. The level of detail and importance of contract provisions varies with the scope and risks of the services outsourced. Contracts describe the rights and responsibilities of parties. SpecialRead MoreBank of Queensland Research Paper Banking Industry21330 Words   |  86 Pagesthe Annua Report 2011, loan 0. al 2 ns and a advances a amortiz costs c at zed comprised 83.4%. A high pro d oportion o the said loans an of d nd advan nces at am mortized c costs comp mprised res sidential securitiz proper loans secured b zed rty by mortg gages ($m 24,177 ) f followed b commer by rcial loans ($m 4,986) as detai in the notes to th iled he finan ncials of the 2011 an e nnual repor (2011 An rt nural report, page 75 5). tated in th Chairm he manâ₠¬â„¢s report (BOQ Annual Report, 201 and